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Most Important Supreme Court Judgements A.K. Gopalan Case (1950): The Supreme Court ruled in A.K.Gopalan v. State of Madras that in Article 21, the expression “Procedure established by law” meant the procedure as laid down in the law as enacted by the Legislature and nothing more. A person could thus be deprived of his ‘life’ or ‘personal liberty’ in accordance with the procedure laid down in the relevant law. The ruling thus meant that a person can be deprived of his life and personal liberty. Shankari Prasad Case (1951): In the Shankari Prasad case (1951), the constitutional validity of the First Amendment Act (1951), which curtailed the right to property, was challenged. Champakam Dorairajan v. State of Madras Case (1951): Landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India. This judgement led to the First Amendment of the Constitution of India. It was the first major judgement regarding reservations in India. The government order had provided caste based reservation in government jobs ...

Major Amendments of the Indian Constitution Amending the Constitution of India is the process of making changes to the nation's fundamental law or supreme law. The procedure of amendment in the constitution is laid down in Part XX (article 368) of the Constitution of India. In the Kesavanand Bharati case of 1973, the Supreme Court ruled that the Parliament could not change certain provisions which constitute the basic constitutional framework. 1st Amendment Act, 1951- Empowered the State to make special provisions to advance socially and economically backward classes. The ninth schedule was added by the first amendment of the Indian Constitution. The Schedule contains a list of central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts. Currently, 284 such laws are shielded from judicial review. 7th Amendment Act, 1956- Implementing the State Reorganisation Committee recommendations, and implementing 1956, State Reorganisation Act. Linguistic reorganisation of States was implement...

Post Independence States Reorganization in India: When India got independence, it had nearly 565 princely states. Apart from problems like abject poverty, extreme hunger, sub-level economy and huge problems of rehabilitation of refugees, consolidation and reorganisation of princely states was a major challenge. Thanks to the leadership quality of Sardar Patel, India stands united today. Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization of the States: When the British decided to quit India, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Muslim League did not come to any conclusion and were unable to make a united front for independence. For creating a consensus, Britain sent the Cabinet Mission to India. Muslim League did not agree on the proposals of Cabinet Mission, and Jinnah proclaimed “Direct Action Day” on 16th August 1946. Violence erupted on both sides of the borders. To stop the violence and to avoid a civil war situation, Congress accepted the partition plan. On 14th August 1947,...

Schemes of Government of India on Education: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001): It is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education to the Children of 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right. It was launched in 2001 by the then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Right to Education Act (2009): The Right to Education Act 2009, also known as the RTE Act 2009, was enacted by the Parliament of India on 4 August 2009. It describes modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children aged between 6-14 years in India under Article 21 (A) of the Constitution of India. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (2015): It is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India. The scheme was launched in 2015 wi...